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A constitutional referendum was held in Kenya on 4 August 2010〔("Kenya referendum date set" ), Daily Nation, 14 May 2010〕〔("Kenya votes in referendum on new constitution" ), BBC, 4 August 2010〕 The plebiscite was on whether to adopt a proposed new constitution passed by the Kenyan parliament on 1 April 2010. The new constitution was seen as a vital step to avoid a repetition of the violent outbursts after the 2007 presidential election. The result was a victory for the "Yes" campaign, with official figures released by the Interim Independent Electoral Commission (IIEC) showing 66.9% in favour, with the results counted in all 210 constituencies. The "No" campaign's main spokesman, Higher Education Minister William Ruto, conceded defeat. The new constitution was planned come into force within 14 days of the results being published and would then be ushered in through a series of Acts of Parliament. Abdikadir Mohammed was placed in charge of the Constitutional Implementation Oversight Committee by MPs.〔 〕 ==Background== The Constitution of Kenya, established upon independence, was amended severally, including in 1982 likely resulting in, among other things, a coup attempt. The amendment saw the addition of a section 2A to the constitution, making Kenya a single-party state under President Daniel arap Moi. Following protests in the late 1980s, section 2A was repealed in 1991, establishing the multi-party state, and the Constitution has existed unmodified since then.〔Firestone p31〕 Although this was seen as a step forward, the country retained a reputation for corruption and many Kenyans desired a completely revised document. This came a step closer to reality in 1998 when a law was passed in parliament calling for a review of the constitution.〔Firestone p32〕 However, little was done to effect this during the remaining years of Moi's administration. In the run-up to his victory in the 2002 general election, president Mwai Kibaki had made constitutional reform and the anti-corruption drive a key priority. Despite promises to conduct a review early in the parliament, the new government continued to drag its feet. This was due mainly to the presence of senior officials from the previous regime, whose defection had been vital to Kibaki's election success, but who were ultimately unwilling to risk upsetting the status quo.〔Firestone p33〕 Eventually, in 2004, a proposed new constitution known as the Bomas draft was released. This proposed wide-reaching changes to the structure of government, including the transfer of some powers from the president to a newly created post of prime minister. Fearing the loss of power, senior government figures watered down the Bomas draft, leading to widespread opposition, civil unrest and the resignation of several senior members of Kibaki's coalition.〔 The revised document was presented to the people in the November 2005 constitutional referendum, and was defeated.〔 Following the referendum, the politicians that had campaigned against the draft united to form a new party in opposition, known as the Orange Democratic Movement, after the symbol of an orange, which had been present on the referendum ballot papers to signify a "no" vote. Despite splits, the party appeared to be in a strong position going into the 2007 presidential election, but was ultimately defeated in controversial circumstances, leading to the violence of the 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis.〔 The peace deal that ended the crisis mandated that the constitutional question be revisited, which led in November 2009 to a new draft. After minor modifications and the passage of the draft through parliament, the referendum date was set for 4 August 2010. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kenyan constitutional referendum, 2010」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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